Lesson 2: Categories of Adjectives

1. Topic Discussion

Adjectives come in various categories, each serving a unique purpose in adding detail and clarity to our descriptions. This lesson will cover proper adjectives, compound adjectives, demonstrative adjectives, interrogative adjectives, nominal adjectives, and collective adjectives, and how to use them effectively.

2. Generic Questions

Can you name a proper adjective that describes your favorite holiday? Show/Hide Transcript What is an example of a compound adjective that describes a person's appearance? Show/Hide Transcript How would you use a demonstrative adjective to specify which book you want? Show/Hide Transcript

3. Key Examples

• Proper Adjectives: She loves Italian cuisine.
• Compound Adjectives: He has a well-known author.
• Demonstrative Adjectives: I prefer these apples.
• Interrogative Adjectives: Which movie did you watch?
• Nominal Adjectives: The rich have different lifestyles.
• Collective Adjectives: The elderly need special care.

4. Structure Explanation

Proper Adjectives: Derived from proper nouns, they describe something specific and are always capitalized.

Example: French wine, Shakespearean drama.

Compound Adjectives: Formed by combining two or more words, usually with a hyphen.

Example: A well-maintained garden, a five-star hotel.

Demonstrative Adjectives: Used to point out specific items and include this, that, these, and those.

Example: This car, those houses.

Interrogative Adjectives: Used to ask questions and include which, what, and whose.

Example: Which path, whose bag.

Nominal Adjectives: Adjectives that function as nouns.

Example: The poor need help, the young are energetic.

Collective Adjectives: Refer to a group of people with a shared characteristic.

Example: The blind, the elderly.

Common Mistakes:

Incorrect: She loves italian cuisine.

Correct: She loves Italian cuisine.

Incorrect: He is a well known author.

Correct: He is a well-known author.

Incorrect: I prefer this apples.

Correct: I prefer these apples.

6. New Reading Task

Reading Passage

Traveling abroad opens up a world of exciting experiences and diverse cultures. Visiting Japanese gardens, savoring Italian cuisine, and exploring Egyptian pyramids can broaden your horizons. Each destination offers a unique blend of history, art, and tradition.

A well-planned trip ensures that you make the most of your time. Start by deciding which attractions to visit and what activities to include in your itinerary. This preparation helps in avoiding last-minute hassles and allows you to fully enjoy your journey.

Traveling with friends can make the experience even more memorable. Whether you are trekking in the Andes or enjoying a sun-kissed beach in Thailand, the shared moments and collective adventures create lifelong memories. So, pack your bags and embark on an adventure to discover the wonders of the world.

7. Vocabulary

• Exotic: Unusual and exciting because of coming from a distant country.
• Itinerary: A planned route or journey.
• Sun-kissed: Lightly tanned by the sun.
• Horizon: The limit of a person's knowledge, experience, or interest.
• Collective: Done by people acting as a group.
• Memorable: Worth remembering or easily remembered.

8. Generic Questions for Review

What is a proper adjective, and can you provide an example? Show/Hide Transcript How do compound adjectives differ from other adjectives? Show/Hide Transcript Give an example of a sentence using a demonstrative adjective. Show/Hide Transcript

9. Homework

You are planning a trip and need to organize your accommodations. Write an email to a travel agency requesting information about their services. In your email:

• Describe the type of trip you are planning.
• Explain your accommodation preferences.
• Ask specific questions about the services they offer.

Use various categories of adjectives in your email to provide detailed and clear information.